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Gramicidin
Gramicidin is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14%, respectively,〔A. S. Bourinbaiar and C. F. Coleman ''Arch Virol'' (1997) 142: 2225–2235〕 all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species ''Bacillus brevis'' and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramicidin D contains linear pentadecapeptides, that is chains made up of 15 amino acid.〔Biopolymers (Peptide Science), Vol. 51, 129–144 (1999): http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/62500357/ABSTRACT 〕 This is in contrast to gramicidin S, which is a cyclic peptide chain.
Gramicidin was discovered in the United States in 1939.
==Medical uses==
Gramicidin is active against Gram-positive bacteria, except for the Gram-positive bacilli, and against select Gram-negative organisms, such as ''Neisseria'' bacteria. Its therapeutic use is limited to topical application, as it induces hemolysis in lower concentrations than bacteria cell death, so it cannot be administered internally. Since the exterior epidermis is composed of dead cells, applying it to the surface of the skin will not cause harm.
It is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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